The spine, like any structure that performs a supporting function, inevitably wears out over time. High static and dynamic loads and local overloads of the segments of the especially mobile upper section lead to a decrease in regenerative capabilities and a gradual degeneration of the cartilaginous and nearby muscular-ligamentous structures. By the age of 30-35, almost every person shows signs of cervical osteochondrosis to a greater or lesser extent. And although it is impossible to stop the irreversible process of biological aging, it is quite possible to slow it down.
Diagnostics
For an objective assessment of the condition and detection of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine, methods of radiation imaging are used:
- plain spondylography (X-ray non-contrast study in frontal, lateral and oblique projections)
- radiograph with functional tests
- MSCT (multislice computed tomography)
- MRI
- Survey spondylography of the upper spine is a traditional method of radiological diagnosis of cervical osteochondrosis. With its help, the state of the vertebral bodies is assessed, their shape, height, degree of deformation and displacement relative to each other are determined. On X-ray images, osteophytes are visualized, areas of enlightenment in foci of bone tissue liquefaction.
- Spondylography with functional tests is a study aimed at identifying signs of movement disorders. The X-ray is performed with a fixed maximum flexion and extension of the cervical spine.
- MSCT is a progressive alternative to X-rays. Bone structures, intervertebral discs, ligamentous apparatus, spinal canal and spinal cord are visualized in more detail on multilayer images.
- Magnetic resonance imaging allows additional visualization of the cartilage layer and other soft tissues of the vertebral joints. The study is prescribed for severe neurological symptoms, to differentiate cervical osteochondrosis from acute intervertebral hernia.
Treatment of cervical osteochondrosis
Treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is aimed at eliminating pain and slowing the progression of the pathological process. It is carried out in two directions: limiting the impact of unfavorable factors and suppressing the mechanisms of the development of the disease.
Therapeutic and prophylactic measures that minimize the impact of causative agents include:
- rational selection of work furniture
- use of orthopedic mattresses and pillows
- correction of hearing, vision and posture
- wearing special fixing devices
- restriction of work activity associated with a long stay in a forced situation
- adequate physical activity
- proper nutrition
There are many different methods of therapeutic correction designed to slow down the development of the degenerative process.
Massage for cervical osteochondrosis
Massage procedures aimed at relieving inflammation and eliminating pain are included in the complex of mandatory therapeutic measures. The most effective types of collar massage:
- classical
- medical (manual)
- point (acupuncture)
- vacuum (canned)
- hardware
Thanks to massage techniques, local blood and lymph circulation is enhanced, trophism of tissues is accelerated, muscle clamps are eliminated, tension from the neck is relieved, tone is improved and muscle elasticity is increased.
Orthopedic collars
To fix the cervical spine in the correct position, special orthopedic devices (Shants collars) are used. Removable structures of various sizes, shapes and degrees of rigidity limit the usual pathological position of the head, control movement in the neck, reduce pressure on the spinal segments, warm and relax tense muscles and prevent further progression of the disease.
The cervical collar for osteochondrosis is available in several modifications:
Soft splints made of medical foamor other porous hypoallergenic materials have a notch for the chin and lower surfaces of the neck, and retainers. They are used to correct minor disorders in the upper spine, maintain the vertebrae in the anatomically correct position and relax the muscles of the shoulder girdle.
Pneumatic (inflatable) collarsare intended for the prevention of pain, smooth traction and elimination of compression of the vertebral artery.
Semi-rigid bandagesequipped with metal inserts reliably stabilize the intervertebral segments. They significantly limit the range of motion and contribute to the expansion of the gaps between the vertebral bodies.
Rigid corsets made of durable plasticdesigned to completely immobilize the cervical spine in a neutral position. Prescribed in the late stages of the disease, accompanied by compression disorders.
The collar for osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is selected by the doctor taking into account the age, anatomical features and the stage of the degenerative process.
Manual therapy
Manual therapy is aimed at identifying and eliminating blockages in the motor segments. A local dosed effect on the vertebral joints helps to normalize blood flow and blood supply to the brain, eliminate compression (pinching) and restore the normal functioning of nerve fibers. Specific manipulations of the chiropractor allow you to achieve maximum relaxation, eliminate muscle spasms, cervicogenic headache arising from damage to the anatomical structures of the neck, and tension headache.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture, involving the installation of acupuncture needles into bioactive points of the neck and shoulder blades, is focused on restoring the disturbed energy balance. By stimulating the rapid contractions of sensitive nerve fibers and the release of endorphins and neurotransmitters, acupuncture for cervical osteochondrosis has a powerful anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Thanks to this technique, numbness in the hands, dizziness, tinnitus disappear, blood flow improves and mobility is optimized.
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy of degenerative pathologies of the spine is aimed at relieving pain and stimulating recovery processes. The greatest therapeutic effect is provided by:
- UFO
- ultrasound treatment
FAQ
How to provide assistance during acute pain with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine?
In case of sudden acute pain, it is necessary to fix the lower back. This will immobilize spasmodic muscles and displace the load from them. Then, if possible, lay the patient on his back, placing a pillow under the bent knees. To reduce pain, you should take a drug with an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect (NSAID). Additionally, you can use an ointment or gel based on diclofenac or its analogs, or apply a cold compress (no more than 10 minutes). It is very important to eliminate stress on the spine and see a doctor as soon as possible.
Is it possible to do physical exercises for lumbar osteochondrosis?
Physical education for lumbar osteochondrosis is not only not prohibited, but also recommended (with the exception of an acute painful period). However, you should be careful not to allow axial load on the spine and categorically refuse to squat, jump and lift weights. The set of exercises should be selected by a specialist on an individual basis.